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MATLAB : Fourier transform

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By Nuno Nogueira, CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3912826 MATLAB has been  crucial programming language across worldwide that let us express matrix and array mathematics directly. In signal processing and communication it plays vital role in analysing and exploring time series data in time domain or frequency domain. For analysing non periodic signals in frequency domain we use Fourier transform instead of Fourier series ,which is used to express periodic signals in terms of infinite sum of sinusoidal terms .   Fourier transform can exist for :      1. Energy signals      2. Power signals       3. Impulse signals  That means absolutely integrable signals can have their Fourier transform only.  Formula for Fourier transform;   Then its come to use Fourier transform in MATLAB. So here is the code for Fourier transform of sinusoidal wave , for any other signal we ...
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Neuralink : Merge of human brain with AI!

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Neuralink : Merge of human brain with AI!!

"Merge of our brain with artificial intelligence". Doesn't it sounds like something straight out of a science fiction movie!
But now this is happening for real. NEURALINK, one of the eccentric projects of Elon Musk is developing an ultra-high bandwidth brain-machine interface to connect humans and computers.

About Neuralink

We all know Elon Musk for his great projects, mainly Tesla and SpaceX. But, Neuralink is something much different from both. In a way, we can say that the other two companies aim to redefine what future humans will do but Neuralink wants to redefine what future humans will be. 
Neuralink was set up by Elon Musk in 2016 but it opens up publicly about the technology it is working on, which is quite bold and controversial in 2019. Operating at a much smaller scale than Tesla or SpaceX, this conceptual startup aims to use a brain-machine interface to integrate humans with artificial intelligence by surgically implanting processors into our brains.
Musk has predicted that this technology can be used to establish "harmony" with Artificial Intelligence in long run but recently it is to be used for people with neural conditions and disorders.
So, for now, the aim is medical. 

How this is to be done?

Neuralink is basically a device consisting of chips connected to wires which will be implanted in the brain and it will be capable of both recording brain activities as well as stimulating it. Neuralink has created a robot that works like a "sewing machine" and it will perform the action of implanting the incredibly thin threads(between 4 to 6 micrometre, which means about one-third the diameter of the thinnest human hair), deep within a person’s brain tissue, where it will be capable of performing both recording and simulating operations at very high data volume. This robot has the ability to make precise movements to install the threads into our brain.

But the question is why anyone would like to have a "foreign" unit inside their brain?

Regarding this Musk have said, "Neuralink is not a mandatory thing. This is a thing you can choose to have if you want. Further, he also added that this thing is going to be really important on civilization-level.

The need of  "symbiosis" with artificial intelligence.

Musk has always expressed his concern towards the future of AI, it's a potential threat if it turns against mankind. So this step can be thought as a step towards bringing AI and mankind together, integrating both into one because more the AI is "other", the more likely it is to turn on us. Hence we need to establish a tight "symbiosis" with AI.

Effect on the human body

Now coming to its effect on the human body. You might wonder if poking the brain will just end up in massive headaches from the pain. The answer is no. First of all, the brain does not have any pain receptors, so you won’t feel anything. Of course, we are inserting an outer object but brain-machine interface is not completely new and they have the potential to help millions of people. Researches on brain implants are being done since the 1970s. As stated in the Neuralink published paper, “Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) hold promise for the restoration of sensory and motor function and the treatment of neurological disorders”. According to musk, they have successfully tested the chip on rodents as well as a monkey. The first test on the human body is about to be done by the end of 2020.

Future of this technology

The success of Neuralink will welcome a great change in future innovations. Few great innovations of this time like augmented reality glasses may seem outdated. Many tech giants like apple will be affected.
Neuralink will also improve the speed of communication. With time, neuralink can be further developed to the level where it will be able to read our thoughts and transcribe them into instant communication. It can bring a complete revolution in communication. People might start thinking about telepathy ;-)

Neuralink is undeniably an innovative project as expected from Elon Musk, who is known for always thinking out of the box.


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